Where does a chemical tanker find information on all likely cargoes?
Transporting of dangerous and noxious liquid chemicals in bulk involved various risk factors. For safe handling it is essential to determine properties of various chemical cargoes prior loading .
Where does the ship find collected information on all likely cargoes? What about new chemical compounds coming on the market every day? The IMO Codes require that certain information must be available on board the ship for each particular cargo, and prior to loading. The information should include:
Where does the ship find collected information on all likely cargoes? What about new chemical compounds coming on the market every day? The IMO Codes require that certain information must be available on board the ship for each particular cargo, and prior to loading. The information should include:
- A full description of the physical and chemical properties, including reactivity, necessary for the safe contaimnent-of the cargo.
The correct technical name of the cargo should be available, and only cargoes for which the ship is approved should be loaded. For those cargoes required to be stabilised or inhibited, the cargo should be refused if an inhibited cargo certificate is not supplied.
It is the shipper's responsibility to provide the necessary information, which may be given in the form of a cargo information form or data sheet for each cargo.
Further information can be obtained from the manufacturers of chemical cleaning agents. Information on the handling of the cargo including necessary cleanliness, max permitted contaminants etc, is often hard to get. Loading should not commence before the master is satisfied that the necessary information for safe handling of the cargo is available to the personnel involved.
Never load an unknown cargo identified by only a trade name!
In the past it has been difficult to obtain a full product information from the makers and from shippers. They should have the very best information and should be consulted whenever possible. It is hoped that information will be more easily available in the future!
Petroleum Cargo Heating Instructions
Highly viscous petroleum cargo or loads with a high pour point or wax content need heating during transit because heating lessens the viscosity of the load and allows it to flow better. Heating also leads to a constant rotation of cargo within the tank. This leads to a decline in the wax formation and sedimentation, and helps in the outturn at the discharge port.
Usually, it is sensible to heat early to maintain the temperature during the voyage, rather than to be required to raise the temperature of the cargo significantly at the end of the journey. The rule of thumb is that the cargo temperature should be at least 10 deg C above the pour point during the entire trip. Heating should not be suspended during the voyage and should be adjusted to change gradually the temperature of the cargo to the desired level and then to maintain it.
Heating instructions are often too inexplicit, with the charterers relying on the expertise of the master. It is especially valuable if the cargo is loaded at a temperature higher than that requested as per the charter party. In this case, it is recommended to wait for the temperature to decrease to the the desired level and then start the heating to maintain this temperature. It is important to note that if the pour point of the cargo is high and the required temperature as per the charter party is less than 10 deg C above the pour point, then the charterer should be consulted and the agreed temperature should be maintained to minimize any shortage claims.
When crudes with high wax content requiring heating is carried, it is essential that the charterer provides clear instructions for heating both on the voyage and throughout discharge. The temperature of the cargo at any stage should not be higher than the ship is designed to carry. At the discharge port, the ship staff should ensure that the cargo is stripped immediately after it reaches the level of the heating coils in the cargo tanks.
Related Info:
Voyage planning and related considerations
Preparation for cargo operation
Preparing a cargo tank atmosphere
Cargo unloading operation safety precautions
Liaison between ship and shore
Cargo line leakage countermeasures
Checklist for handling dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk
Recommended temperature monitoring equipments onboard
Practical example of solving tank cleaning problems
Pre-cleaning /washing of cargo tanks
Risk & hazards of chemical contamination onboard
Cargo compatibility and reactivity of various chemical cargo
Poisoning and required first aid treatment onboard
Chemical tanker safe mooring practice
Determining presence of contaminants in chemical cargo
Handling various grade liquid chemicals during loading
How to prepare a cargo loading or discharge program ?
How to avoid solidification in cargo tanks ?
Cargo segregation requirement for chemical tankers
How to arrange disposal of tank cleaning waste ?
Restrictions on discharge cargo residue into sea
Retention of slops on chemical tankers
Vapour emission control requirement for chemical tankers
Handling self reactive chemicals
Handling of toxic chemical cargoes
Pre-loading meeting safety consideration
How to determine chemical cargo temperatures at different level ?
Cargo line clearance requirement for chemical tankers
Care of cargo pums - risk of pump overload or underload
General safety precautions for handling dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk
Static electricity -How they generate & required safety precautions
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